Science Buddies: "Ask an Expert"

Question: How do fabric softeners and anti-static sprays reduce static charge?

Toonss - Simple explanation from a Wikipedia entry. Applies to liquid softeners or chemically impregnated sheets.

Rick Marz
________________________

How it works:

Fabric softeners work by coating the surface of the cloth fibers with a thin layer of chemicals; these chemicals have lubricant properties and are electrically conductive, thus making the fibers feel smoother and preventing buildup of static electricity. Other functions are improvements of iron glide during ironing, increased resistance to stains, and reduction of wrinkling and pilling.

Cationic softeners bind by electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged groups on the surface of the fibers and neutralize their charge; the long aliphatic chains are then oriented towards the outside of the fiber, imparting lubricity. Vinegar works on some materials in a similar way, as the hydrogen ions bind to the anionic groups on the fibers.