Hi Dodger,
There are several types of radios. For example AM, FM, and the new digital format and satellite radios.
The earliest developed radio type was AM, and these sites explain it:
http://hamers.chem.wisc.edu/outreach/ra ... _work1.htm
http://howthingswork.virginia.edu/radio.html
http://www.tech-faq.com/how-do-radios-work.shtml
http://www.tech-faq.com/how-does-xm-radio-work.shtml
Here are two Science Buddies radio project write-ups about radios:
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science- ... ?from=Home
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science- ... ?from=Home
No one of these sites seems to give what I would call a complete answer to your question, but collectively they will get you started. If you want more, try these
http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/afwa/U2.htm
Still not satisfied?
Try to find a copy of the
ARRL Handbook of Radio Communications
This is probably available from your local library or can be bought through bookstores or online. It is an excellent reference on all things about radio and has projects to build as well as theory.
This is a very interesting field to study. Have fun investigating it!
Best Regards,
Barrett Tomlinson