Study Kinetic Energy with a Rube Goldberg Machine
- Understand that the kinetic energy of a moving object is proportional to its mass, or, that kinetic energy of the object doubles when its mass doubles.
- Understand that the kinetic energy of a moving object is proportional to the square of the speed of the moving object, or, that the kinetic energy of the object quadruples when its speed doubles.
- Apply the concept of kinetic energy to moving parts of a Rube Goldberg machine.
- Experience the importance of planning in the engineering design process.
- Explain how knowledge of scientific principles can help shorten the engineering design process.
OverviewRube Goldberg machines—machines that complete a simple task in a convoluted way—are intriguing, artistic, and fun! In this lesson, students will design and build such a machine themselves and use the concept of kinetic energy in the process. Before students start designing, they will do an experiment that explores how kinetic energy depends on the mass and the speed of the moving object. With a clear understanding of this concept, students then tackle the engineering design process. Watch how students channel their creative energy into constructing a fun and exciting machine! NGSS AlignmentThis lesson helps students prepare for these Next Generation Science Standards Performance Expectations:
MaterialsPart 1: Experimental Exploration of Kinetic Energy ![]() Per group of 3–4 students:
Part 2: Building a Rube Goldberg Machine ![]() This is an engineering design project, so there is not a specific list of required materials. You can make different materials available to your students or allow them to bring materials from home. In general, recycled items, craft supplies, and office supplies work well. Options for materials to construct parts:
Options for materials that connect parts:
Options for materials that roll:
Options for adding chemistry:
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Grade Range
6th-8th
Group Size
3-5 students
Active Time
Part 1: 1 h Part 2: 1h 40min
Total Time
Part 1: 1 h Part 2: 1h 40min
Area of Science
Physics
Key Concepts
Kinetic energy, engineering design process
Credits
Sabine De Brabandere, PhD, Science Buddies
Learning Objectives
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